PTE grammar study guide : Tenses

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PTE grammar study guide : Tenses

 

A tense is a grammatical category that expresses the time of action or state of being. English has three main tenses:

  • Present Tense (action happening now or regularly)
  • Past Tense (action that happened in the past)
  • Future Tense (action that will happen in the future)

Each of these main tenses has multiple variations, and it’s important to know how to use them correctly in different contexts.

 

Types of Tenses in English

  • 1. Present Tenses

    • Present Simple Tense
      Use the present simple to talk about regular, habitual actions or general truths.

       

      • Example: I study every day.
      • She works at a hospital.
      • They always eat lunch together.
      • The train arrives at 7 PM.
      • He reads the newspaper daily.
      • PTE Tip: Use the present simple when describing routines or facts in the speaking and writing tasks.
    • Present Continuous Tense
      Use the present continuous to describe actions happening right now or in the near future.

      • Example:
      • I am studying for the PTE exam right now.
      • She is reading a book in the library.
      • They are working on a new project this week.
      • We are planning our next vacation.
      • The children are playing outside.
      • PTE Tip: This tense is useful when describing actions in progress during the speaking task.
    • Present Perfect Tense
      Use the present perfect to express actions that happened at an unspecified time before now.

       

      • Example: I have studied English for five years.
        She has already finished her homework.
        They have traveled to many countries.
        We have never been to New York.
        He has just arrived at the airport.
      • PTE Tip: Use the present perfect to show a connection between past actions and the present.

2. Past Tenses

  • Past Simple Tense
    Use the past simple for actions that happened and finished at a specific time in the past.

     

    • Example: I studied English yesterday.
    • I visited the museum last weekend.
    • She graduated from college two years ago.
    • They went to the cinema yesterday.
    • We saw a movie last night.
    • He finished his homework an hour ago.
    • PTE Tip: This is one of the most common tenses in the writing and speaking tasks when describing past events.

PTE grammar study guide

  • Past Continuous Tense
    Use the past continuous to describe actions that were in progress at a particular point in the past.

     

    • Example: I was studying when you called.
      She was reading a book while waiting for the train.
      They were playing football at 5 PM yesterday.
      We were watching TV when the power went out.
      He was writing an email when I entered the room.
    • PTE Tip: The past continuous is helpful when describing ongoing actions in storytelling.
  • Past Perfect Tense
    Use the past perfect to talk about an action that was completed before another past event.

     

    • Example: I had studied before I took the test.
    • I had finished my homework before the meeting started.
    • She had already left when I arrived at the office.
    • They had never seen such a beautiful sunset before.
    • We had eaten by the time they arrived.
    • He had studied the material before the test.
    • PTE Tip: Use this tense to show that one event happened before another in the past.
  • Past Perfect Continuous Tense
    Use the past perfect continuous to emphasize the duration of an action before another action in the past.
    • Example: I had been studying for two hours when you called.
    • She had been working for three days without a break.
    • They had been traveling for weeks before they returned home.
    • We had been waiting for the bus for 30 minutes when it finally came.
    • He had been practicing the piano all morning.
    • PTE Tip: This is useful for emphasizing ongoing actions that were happening before a specific past moment.

PTE grammar study guide

3. Future Tenses

  • Future Simple Tense
    Use the future simple to describe actions that will happen in the future.
    • Example:
    • I will study for the exam tomorrow.
    • She will visit her grandmother next weekend.
    • They will arrive at the airport at 6 PM.
    • We will go to the beach next summer.
    • He will finish the report by the end of the day.
    • PTE Tip: Use the future simple for predictions or promises in speaking and writing tasks.
  • Future Continuous Tense
    Use the future continuous to talk about actions that will be in progress at a specific time in the future.
    • Example:
    • I will be studying at 8 PM tonight.
    • She will be working on the project all day tomorrow.
    • They will be traveling to Paris next month.
    • We will be attending the conference next week.
    • He will be playing football at 5 PM.
    • PTE Tip: This tense can describe ongoing activities that are planned for the future.

PTE grammar study guide

  • Future Perfect Tense
    Use the future perfect to talk about actions that will be completed before a certain point in the future.
    • Example: I will have studied by the time you arrive.
    • I will have completed the assignment by 5 PM.
    • She will have finished reading the book by tomorrow.
    • They will have arrived by the time we reach the airport.
    • We will have cleaned the house by the time the guests arrive.
    • He will have learned all the vocabulary by next week.
    • PTE Tip: This tense is useful when you need to talk about an action that will be finished in the future.
  • Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    Use the future perfect continuous to emphasize the duration of an action up until a future point.
    • Example:
    • I will have been studying for three hours by the time you arrive.
    • She will have been working on this project for months by the end of this year.
    • They will have been waiting for over an hour by the time the bus comes.
    • We will have been practicing speaking for 30 minutes by the time the class starts.
    • He will have been playing video games all day if he continues this way.
    • PTE Tip: This tense is helpful when discussing actions that are ongoing and will continue into the future.

    PTE grammar study guide​ : Practice Exercises

    Now that you have a clear understanding of the tenses, it’s time to put your knowledge into practice. Below are some interactive exercises to help reinforce the rules:

    1. Fill in the blanks with the correct tense
    2. Choose the correct tense
    3. Sentence correction: Identify and fix the errors related to tense usage.

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